高度近视黄斑病变相关因素分析

Risk factors of macular degeneration in high myopia

目的探讨高度近视黄斑病变的相关因素对患者的诊断以及指导临床治疗的意义。方法对2014年6月至2015年5月101例高度近视黄斑病变患者进行相关眼科辅助检查,并对结果进行分析。结果随访前后根据视力与黄斑病变相关性分析结果,二者存在负相关性(r=-0.712,P<0.01),从屈光度与高度近视黄斑病变的相关性分析结果可以看出,二者没有相关性P=0.300(P>0.01)。从眼轴长度与高度近视黄斑病变的相关性分析结果可以看出,二者存在相关性P=0.002(P<0.01),从脉络膜萎缩弧面积与高度近视黄斑病变的相关分析结果看出二者也存在相关性P=0.001(P<0.01),结论眼轴长度与脉络膜萎缩弧面积等因素和高度近视黄斑病变具有相关性,在临床诊治中及时给予患者有效的临床干预,改善患者预后。

Objective Investigate the risk factors related to macular degeneration in high myopia,and to improve diagnosis and treatment for these patients. Methods From June 2014 to May 2015,we examined 101 patients with high myopia who were found to have macular lesions. Multiple factors were analyzed to explore the correlations between ophthalmic findings and occurrence of macular degeneration. Results Differences in uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity were highly correlated with presentation of macular lesions（ r =- 0. 712,P〈0. 01）. There was no correlation between diopter and macular degeneration（ P = 0. 300）. But both axial length and size of choroidal atrophy were highly correlated to macular degeneration（ P = 0. 002,P = 0. 001; respectively）. Conclusions Axial length and size of choroidal atrophy are strong risk factors of macular degeneration in high myopia patients. Timely clinical intervention and effective management should be provided to help improve prognosis.