蝙蝠作为流行性乙型脑炎病毒宿主的研究

Bat as Reservoir Host of Japanese Encephalitis Virus

于 1 98 6、1 988、1 990和 1 997年的 7-8月 ,在云南省共捕获 653只蝙蝠 ,其中棕果蝠( Rousettus leschenaulti) 593只 ,金管鼻蝠( Murina aurata) 60只 ,采集血清及剖取脑组织作病毒分离和抗体检查。用细胞法和乳鼠法分离到 6株病毒 ,带毒率为 0 .96% ,其中从捕自景洪的棕果蝠脑组织中分离到 3株 ,从河口的棕果蝠血清中分离到 2株 ,从捕自耿马的金管鼻蝠脑组织中分离出 1株。棕果蝠和金管鼻蝠的带毒率分别为 0 .84%和 1 .67%。这 6株病毒能引起 C6/ 3 6和 BHK2 1细胞病变和导致乳小白鼠或 3～ 4周龄小白鼠发病和死亡 ,并具有典型的嗜神经病毒感染症状。经血凝抑制、补体结合、免疫荧光和中和试验鉴定 ,新分离的 6株病毒均为乙脑病毒 ( JE virus)。同期用血凝抑制试验对采获的 42 5份棕果蝠血清作乙脑病毒抗体检查 ,阳性 1 53份 ,阳性率为 3 6% ,具有较高的感染率。本次从棕果蝠和金管鼻蝠体内分离出乙脑病毒属具有重要流行病学意义。

In July and August 1986,1988,1990 and 1997,six strains of viruses were isolated from 653 samples of brain tissues or sera of two species of bats collected from Jinghong,Hekou and Gengma counties,Yunnan province,China.Of these ,three strains(B 24,B 38 and B 39) were isolated from brain tissues of Rousettus leschenaulti (Chiroptera:Pteropodidae),two strains(HB 49 and HB 97) were isolated from sera of Rousettus leschenaulti, a strain(GB30) was isolated from Murina aurata (Chiroptera:Vespertilionidae).These viruses have been identified serologically by hemagglutination inhibition(HI),complement fixation,immunofluorescent and neutralization tests.B 24,B 38,B 39,HB 49,HB 97and GB 30 virus strains have been proved to be JE virus.This is the first reporton isolation of JE virus from Rousettus leschenaulti and Murina aurata.Sera from Rousettus leschenaulti in Jinghong and Hekou were tested for antibodies against JE virus by HI test with a positive rate of 36%(153/425).These results demonstrated that natural infection with JE virus exists among bats in Yunnan province.The investigation showed that bats cnn be considered as the reservoir and amplifier host of JE virus transmission. Rousettus leschenaulti and Murina aurata may play a role in the maintenance and transmission of JE virus in nature in Yunnan.