上吸式固定床生活垃圾气化炉气化特性研究

Analysis of living garbage gasification in an updraft fixed bed gasifier

以福建某地区上吸式固定床生活垃圾气化炉（简称气化炉）为对象,分析垃圾在不同气化段温度（T）、空气当量比（ER）和料层高径比（H/D）条件下气化气成分和气化效率的影响。利用气相色谱分析垃圾气化产气特性,并设计正交试验分析气化炉最高气化效率的条件。结果表明：升高气化段温度可提高垃圾气化效率,但有一定局限;ER〉0.36后,风量超过气化炉自平衡能力,气化效率会迅速下降;H/D在3.0时气化效果最好。对于处理量为50t/d的气化炉（Φ3.0m×16.0m）,在T为750℃、ER为0.36、H/D为3.0时,气化效率最高（79.3%）;各影响因素中,ER的影响最大,T影响次之,H/D影响最小。气化气含焦油量为9.2~22.5g/m3,碳转化率为74.5%~85.9%。

A living garbage gasification integrated process plant in Fujian was studied,in order to investigate the variation of gas composition and gasification efficiency under the different gasification temperature（T）,equivalence ratio（ER）and height-diameter ratio（H/D）of material layer.The main fuel gases content in gasification was analyzed,and then the gasification efficiency under different conditions was calculated.The result showed that gasification efficiency was limited by gasification temperature.Gasification efficiency droped rapidly since air volume over the gasifier balance ability.Most suitable height-diameter ratio was 3.0.For the gasifier（Φ3.0m×16.0m）with treatment capacity of 50t/d,the highest gasification efficiency（79.3%）could be achieved when the gasification temperature,equivalence ratio and height-diameter ratio were 750℃,0.36 and 3.0,respectively.The equivalence ratio was the main factors influencing the gasification efficiency,gasification temperature was the second,and the height-diameter ratio was the minimum one.The tar and carbon conversion rate were 9.2-22.5g/m3 and 74.5%-85.9%,respectively.