低山丘陵区农村居民点复垦与新建对农村居民点空间分布形态的影响

Influences of Reclamation and New Construction on Rural Settlement Spatial Distribution Pattern in the Low Mountain Hilly Area

农村居民点的空间分布形态是一定自然、经济、社会发展环境下农村居民居住活动在其分布地区的反映。研究以重庆市石柱县万朝乡为研究区,采用Voronoi图、聚集度、紧凑度、分维数及距离分析等方法,从居民点区域空间分布及内部结构形态两个尺度对研究区的农村居民点复垦与新建对其空间分布形态的影响进行了分析。结果表明:2010—2014年,研究区内农村居民点在空间分布上呈现出明显的分散趋势,在内部格局上呈现出离散的趋势,在内部结构上变得更加破碎,在空间分布形态上呈现出不稳定的状态,上述这些现象的出现与研究区内农村居民点复垦与新建有直接关系;低山丘陵区农村居民点复垦和新建对农村居民点在空间分布格局、内部结构和空间形态特征的变化都有着重要的影响;新建农村居民点是引起农村居民点区域空间聚集程度降低的主要影响因素,而农村居民点复垦是造成农村居民点内部结构紧凑度降低的主要因素。因而事前做好相关规划,特别是农村居民点复垦及新建的合理选址是避免上述问题出现的根本路径。

The spatial distribution patterns of rural settlement were comprehensive effect result of regional man land relationship on rural area.The area,Wanchao Town of Shizhu County in Chongqing,was taken as the study area.The influences of reclamation and new construction on rural settlement spatial distribution pattern were analyzed from space distribution and internal structure form based on the methods of Voronoi diagram,aggregation degree,compact ratio,fractal dimension.Results indicated that：（1）rural settlements presented an obvious dispersion trend in the spatial distribution and discrete tendency in the internal pattern during the period from 2010 to 2014in the study area,at the same time,they presented more fragmental tendency in inner structure and a state of instability in the spatial distribution pattern,these phenomena had a direct relationship with contemporaneous rural reclamation and newly built settlement in Wanchao Town;（2）rural reclamations and newly built settlements had the important influence on the changes of rural settlement distribution pattern,internal space structure and space form characteristic in low mountain hilly area.The newly built resident was the main influencing factor.It caused rural settlement aggregation degree reduction.The reclamation resident mainly caused the internal structure reduction.Therefore,a beforehand planning is the basic path to avoid the above problems,especially the selection of reasonable newly built and reclamation settlement location.