滇东南峰林峰丛区主要盆地生态环境质量评估

Assessment of the regional Ecoenvironmental Quality in the Main Basins of the Peak Forest and Peak Cluster Area of Southeast Yunnan

运用Fragstats 3.4,选取生态意义比较明显的景观格局指数,运用GIS空间分析的方法,结合云南省DEM数据和美国陆地卫星影像数据,对滇东南峰林峰丛区主要盆地生态环境质量进行评估。结果表明：（1）各盆地的基质景观均为耕地,所占面积比例38.13%-77.17%。其次是灌木林地和草地,湿地和人造地表分布比较零散,有些盆地没有湿地景观分布;（2）八宝、广南和丘北生态环境质量等级最高,其灌木林地所占比例最高,分别为35.51%,30.61%和24.50%,草地次之。而蒙自、沙甸和开远盆地生态环境质量最低,其中开远盆地灌木林地所占比例最低,为2.70%;（3）主要盆地多样性指数较大,景观总体空间格局异质性较高,灌木林地和草地对生态环境质量的贡献率较高,多样性指数低,景观异质性偏低,耕地对生态环境质量的贡献率相对较低;（4）景观破碎化指数与生态环境指数呈显著负相关;（5）灌木林地和草地景观对盆地生态环境质量的贡献率与盆地生态环境质量指数呈正相关。

We used the Fragstats 3.4,the GIS spatial analysis method,combined with the DEM data in Yunnan Province and the Landsat image data,and the index of landscape pattern which has rather obvious ecological significance to assess the regional ecoenvironmental quality in the main basins of the peak forest and peak cluster area of southeast Yunnan.The results show that：（1）the matrix landscape is arable land of the main basin,the area ratio is between 38.13%-77.17%,in which shrub land and grassland on the landscape have the great influence on the overall situation,wetlands and artificial surface distribution are more scattered,and there is even no distribution of wetlands;（2）the level of ecoenvironmental quality is the highest in Babao,Guangnan and Qiubei,and the proportion of the shrub land is the highest,the grassland is higher,respectively 35.51%,30.61%and 24.50%,otherwise,the level of ecoenvironmental quality is the lowest in Mengzi,Shadian and Kaiyuan,the proportion of shrub land is the lowest in Kaiyuan Basin,which is 2.70%;（3）the main basins have the bigger diversity index,the overall spatial pattern of landscape heterogeneity is higher,and shrub land and grassland have the higher contribution rate to the ecoenvironmental quality,on the contrary,the other basins have the difference situation;（4）the landscape fragmentation index and the ecological environment have significant negative correlation;（5）the contribution rates of shrub land and grassland to the ecological environment quality of the basin,and index of EQI are positively correlated.