论辩证法的本体论承诺及马克思的革命性突破

Ontological Commitment of Dialectics and Its Revolution Realized by Karl Marx

理论上,本体论承诺是理论的逻辑自洽的根基追问。整个西方哲学一直踟蹰于此:古希腊,苏格拉底的辩证诘问法依靠的是思维的逻各斯支持,柏拉图开启理念论,本体从此被承诺于形而上学之上;到中世纪,上帝就是神学辩证逻辑的根基;至近代,康德知性立法的哥白尼式革命成就的只是辩证法的主观唯心主义的本体承诺,物自体只好再次悬设上帝存在,黑格尔用绝对精神在逻辑中化解主客观的对立,谱写西方哲学形而上学的辉煌。马克思才成功实现本体论理论承诺的革命,认为实践活动本身就是辩证运动的,辩证法才得以走出理论的自我内在性封闭。马克思晚年对跨越卡夫丁峡谷的论述,最终让他的辩证法真正在社会历史活动的土壤中找到滋养自己的不竭之泉。

Theoretically,ontological commitment means keeping a theory logically consistent with itself,which gets the whole western philosophy in the mire. In ancient Greece,Socrates＇ dialectical questioning was due to logos in people＇s thinking and the theology in Middle Ages was logically based on God. In modern times,the Copernican revolution Kant made through human understanding of making laws for nature ends up with dialectical commitment to subjective idealism.The theory of thing itself has to be resorted to supposition of God. The absolute spirit advocated by Hegel was adopted to resolve disagreement between subject and object,which made a splendid achievement in western metaphysics. It is Marx who succeeded in the revolution of dialectical commitment with the view that objective things themselves develop in a dialectical way. Thus,dialectics does not remain in a theoretical circle any more. In his later years,Marx＇s insight into leaping over Kaffdin Canyon of capitalism solidifies his dialectics that finds its thriving source in reality.