合作社的集体行动困境及解决——基于河北廊坊奶牛养殖合作社的研究

The Dilemma of Collective Action for Cooperatives and the Solution——A Study Based on Dairy Cooperatives in Langfang,Hebei Province

从集体行动理论的逻辑看,奶牛养殖合作社在成立和运营中都面临着集体行动的困境,存在着私人激励不足的问题。文章利用北京大学国情研究中心2013年对河北廊坊奶牛养殖合作社的调查数据,发现在实践中,奶牛养殖合作社有着私人成立的基础,养殖大户在其中发挥着主导作用;但在运营中,合作社面临着社员参与激励不足的问题,但规模大的合作社反而呈现出较高的参与水平。奶牛养殖合作社面临着民主与集中的协调问题。

From the logic of collective action theory, the dairy cooperatives are faced with the dilemma of collective action in both initiation and operation, due to the inadequate private incentives. Using a survey to dairy cooperatives in Langfang, im- plemented by Research Center of Contemporary China in 2013, it is found that there is actual private foundation for the initi- ation of dairy cooperatives, in which large farms play a leading role. However, the problems of insufficient participation in management still exist, while the larger ones can have a higher level of partieipation as a consequence of higher demand for collective decision. The dairy cooperatives need to find the balance between democracy and centralism.