议程设立视角下非政府组织在政策制定中的作用——以“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”为例

The Role of NGO in Policy Making from the Perspective of Agenda SettingNutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education students

虽然非政府组织在参与国家政策制定的能力是有限的,但在现实情况下仍然有部分非政府组织在政策制定过程中起到了强大的推动作用,这种推动作用主要集中在问题的发现直至议程设立。文章详细分析了"农村义务教育学生营养改善计划"的出台过程,发现在政策出台过程中,该"免费午餐"项目团队以一个类似非政府组织的身份在适当的时机重新阐释和建构出公共问题,并通过恰当的途径,汇集与传达民意,提出方案并加以尝试,这些方法成功推动公共问题进入系统议程成为政策问题直至得到政策回应,最后对国家政策的出台起到直接的促进作用。该项目团队在推动政策制定的途径和方法对共意性问题的解决具有重要的借鉴意义。

NGOs participating in policy decision ability is limited, but in reality, there are a number of non-governmental organizations in the process of policy which have played a strong role, this role is mainly focused on the problems discovered until the agenda is set up. This article analyzes in details nutrition improvement plan for the rural compulsory education stu- dents and in the process of policy, finds out that the＂ free lunch ＂project team similar to the identity of the non-governmen- tal organizations in the appropriate time to explain and construct the public problems, and through the appropriate way, con- vey public opinions, propose solutions and have a try. These methods successfully promote public problems into the policy agenda to get policy response, finally to the national policy. The team in promoting policy approaches and methods has an im- portant significance.