制造业集聚的异质性及影响因素——基于就业洛伦兹曲线及其分解的分析

The Heterogeneity of Manufacturing Agglomeration and Its Influencing Factors——A Study Based on Employment Lorenz Curves and Their Decompositions

随着工业4.0时代的到来,我国推出了"中国制造2025"规划。分析各类制造业集聚的影响因素,是研究新集聚格局形成与区域制造业转型升级需要重视的理论问题,也对地方政府根据本地制造业基础及交通条件选择制造业发展方向有重要意义。对就业洛伦兹曲线进行二重分解,即产业分解和按照改进的可达性指标进行空间分解,分四类研究技术密集度制造业的空间集聚特征及影响其集聚的因素。结果表明,制造业的集聚程度与其技术密集度正相关。区域制造业基础越好,越有利于吸引高、中高技术密集度制造业的集聚。而就区域交通条件的影响而言,高技术密集度制造业和中高技术密集度制造业主要向交通条件优越的区域集聚,低技术密集度制造业更倾向于集聚在交通条件中等的区域,但区域交通条件对中低技术密集度制造业集聚的影响没有明显的规律性。如上结论对中央政府引导产业转移和地方政府进行产业选择有一定的参考价值。

With the advent of the era of industry 4. 0,China had launched the plan of ＂China manufacturing 2025＂,in order to achieve the goal of becoming a powerful manufacturing country. Studying the influence factors of manufacturing agglomeration has important implications for the local government to develop the direction of manufacturing industry based on the local manufacturing base and traffic conditions,and have been important issues during the 13 th Five- Year Plan period. Based on the employment Lorenz curves and their decompositions by subsector and improve accessibility index,the paper studies the spatial clustering characteristics of four kinds of technology intensive manufacturing industry and the influence factors. The results show that the degree of agglomeration of manufacturing industry is positively related to the degree of technology. Decomposing the Lorenz curve by technology intensive degree and traffic conditions,we find that the better the regional manufacturing base is,the more conducive to attracting high,medium and high industries agglomerate. The impact of regional traffic conditions is that,the high technology- intensive manufacturing and middle high technology- intensive manufacturing agglomerate on space with good traffic conditions,low technology-intensive manufacturing industries tend to agglomerate on space with middle traffic conditions,while the impact of traffic conditions on middle low technology- intensive manufacturing industry agglomeration shows no obvious regularity. The above conclusions have the reference value for the central government to guide the transfer of industries and the local government to make choice of industry selection.