从社会分类视角看族群认同

The Analysis of Ethnic Identity from the Perspective of Social Classification

反观人类学对族群的研究趋势,学界日益注重范畴化与分类研究。族群认同研究应该将民族心理引入人类学研究中,加强对社会范畴化、刻板印象等民族心理过程研究,从微观层面探析族群认同的机制与过程。族群可以被理解为一种社会分类的基本法则,也是社会行动者如何看待世界的观点。族群分类体系又可以划分为官方话语下的分类体系与民间话语下的分类体系。从实践范畴分析,在日常生活中,民间话语下的分类体系体现为被分类群体与行动者之间的社会距离与亲疏远近,为行动者在日常交往中提供了他群体的刻板印象,节省了认知经济成本。由于社会尺度的调节作用及象征符号的运用,族群的内部分类并不会影响人的族群认同。

Ethnicity can be regarded as a basic law of social classification as well as the social actors' views on the world. Ethnic classification system can be divided into the classification system under the official discourse and the classification system under the folk discourse. In daily life,the classification system under the folk discourse reflects the social distance and the relationship between the actors and the groups to be classified,and provides the stereotypes of other groups for the actors to save cognitive economic cost.