从东巴文与图片、汉字的分类比较看东巴文的性质——来自行为和眼动研究的证据

The Nature of Dongba Characters Explored by Comparing Their Categorizing with That of Pictures and Chinese Characters——Evidence from Behavior and Eye Movement Research

采用行为研究和眼动技术,从东巴文与图片、汉字的分类比较考察东巴文的性质。结果表明:(1)无论是从反应时、错误率看,还是从总注视点个数、总注视时长和总眼跳幅度看,东巴文合体字分类均难于东巴文独体字,东巴文独体字分类难于图片和汉字。(2)学习影响对东巴文合体字的分类。学习组对东巴文合体字分类的反应时显著长于未学组,错误率显著低于未学组,总注视点个数多于未学组,总注视时长长于未学组。学习组对东巴文独体字分类的错误率显著低于未学组。整个研究表明,东巴文合体字是类似于汉字的意音文字,东巴文独体字是类似于图画的早期文字。从总体上看,东巴文是由形意文字过渡到意音文字的中间阶段的文字。

Behavioral experiments and eye movement technology were employed to investigate the nature of Dongba characters by comparing their categorizing with that of pictures and Chinese characters. The results suggested that:(1) Seeing from the reaction time,error rate,total fixation points,total fixation time and total twitch amplitude,the classification of the Dongba characters composed of two or more single characters was more difficult than that of Dongba single-characters,and the classification of Dongba single-characters was more difficult than that of pictures and Chinese characters.(2)Learning could affect the classification of Dongba characters. The learning group's reaction time of classifying the Dongba characters composed of two or more single characters was obviously longer than that of the no-learning group,its error rate was lower than that of the no-learning group,its total fixation points were more than that of the no-learning group,and its total fixation time was longer than that of the no-learning group. Besides,the learning group's error rate of classifying Dongba single-characters was significantly lower than that of the no-learning group. In sum,the Dongba characters composed of two or more single characters which are similar to Chinese characters belong to ideo-phonemic writing,and Dongba single-characters which are similar to pictures belong to early writing. So,Dongba characters can be regarded as a kind of transitional writing between ideo-graphic writing and ideo-phonemic writing.