清末农村新政激变中的官绅民及其互动——以1910年莱阳民变为例

Officials,Gentry,Peasants and Their Interactions in the Rural Revolts of Late-Qing: A Study Centering on the Revolts in Laiyang Area

清末新政时期,绅权大张,原本作为乡村社会领袖的绅士进入国家政权,承办新政,不仅逐步失去了协调官民关系的原有功能,而且导致绅民关系恶化,绅民冲突不断。官府在处理绅民冲突的过程中往往偏袒绅士,弹压乡民,官民矛盾因此激化,新政激变事件不断发生,甚至出现农民较大规模的反抗斗争。1910年山东莱阳民变的发生,就是新政中官绅民关系急剧变动的产物,是一起典型的新政激变案例。报刊媒体普遍同情农民的反抗斗争,抨击官绅恶行,并看到了逐步显现的清朝统治土崩瓦解之势,从一个侧面反映出清末新政不仅没有遂清朝巩固统治之愿,反而促使其统治的社会基础日益崩溃,沦为速亡之端。

In the early 20 th century,the gentry extended their power greatly,entered the government and undertook the New Policy,which led to their losing of the ability coordinating the relations between officials and peasants and a worsening of their relations with the peasants. Meanwhile,the government always took the gentry's part when they dealt with the gentry-peasant conflict,which sharpened the contradictions between officials and peasants,and resulted in the occurrence of rural revolts,even large-scale resisting struggles,such as the Laiyang Revolts in 1910. The press showed deep sympathy for the peasants and harshly assailed the villainy of the officials and the gentry. Seen from a certain perspective,Late-Qing New Policy did not strengthen the governance of Qing Dynasty,but urged the social foundation of it to collapse,so it can be regarded as an important reason that Qing Dynasty rapidly perished.