论宪法实施的障碍与突破

On the Barriers and Break of Constitution Implementation

从狭义理解,宪法实施指宪法适用,即宪法规范由专门的机关用以化解政治纠纷,解决现实矛盾的过程,是宪法的现实化与个案化。宪法实施具有政治性、根本性、制裁性三个基本特征。西方国家基本采取普通法院负责宪法实施、宪法法院负责宪法实施、议会负责宪法实施三种方式。这三种方式各有优缺点。而我国宪法实施面临观念与制度两个层面的困境。构建我国宪法实施的现实路径,一方面需要树立宪法信仰,以宪法信仰引导制度建设;另一方面需要建立符合国情的违宪审查机制,以制度促进宪法信仰之确立。

In the narrow sense,implementation of the Constitution refers to the application of constitution.That＇s to say,constitutional norms are directly applied to resolve real disputes and conflicts by specialized constitutional authority,which is the actualization and case study of constitution.There are three basic features on the implementation of the constitution：political,fundamental and sanctioning.In the western countries,constitutional embodiment is responsible by ordinary courts,the Constitutional Court and parliament.Each has their advantages and disadvantages.China has faced with difficulties in two aspects during the implementation of the constitution：notion and system.To build real path of constitution implementation in China,for one thing,it need to establish faith on constitution.Constitutional review is essential to meet national conditions.