论美国研究型大学跨学科人才培养理念

A Study on the Idea of Interdisciplinary Talents Cultivation in American Research Universities

跨学科人才培养是当今高等教育改革和发展的重要趋势,而跨学科人才培养理念作为对这种趋势的反映,一方面在一定程度上催生了跨学科人才培养实践,另一方面也为现实中的跨学科人才培养活动提供思想指导。对美国研究型大学的考察发现,跨学科已经成为其重要的办学理念,具体表现在:将跨学科作为重要属性与任务;应对解决复杂问题的需要、满足学生个性化或多样化的学术兴趣是跨学科人才培养的主要动因;培养具有跨学科素养的人才是美国研究型大学本科教育的一个重要目标。

Interdisciplinary talents cultivation is an important trend of current higher education reform and development,and its idea is also the reflection of this trend. On the one hand,to a certain extent,it promotes the practice of the interdisciplinary talents cultivation; on the other hand,it also provides the theoretical guidance for the practice. Based on the investigation of the American research universities,we found that interdisciplinarity research has already become an important idea of implementation in American research universities,which can embody in the following aspects： firstly,regarding interdisciplinarity as their an important attribute and task; secondly,the main motivation of the interdisciplinary education is to cultivate the capacity of solving complex problems and to meet students＇ personalization or diverse academic interests; thirdly,to train talents with interdisciplinary literacy is an important goal of undergraduate education in American research universities.