政府公用事业特许行为的合法要件研究

The Legitimacy Elements of Government Public Utilities' Franchise Behavior

特许经营是市政公用事业领域内政府与社会资本合作的重要方式,合法有效的特许行为是特许经营活动顺利进行的前提和保障。但是当前立法无法提供完善的法制保障,妥善解决特许授权实践中存在的合法性问题。行政法治化或合法化是现代行政法的基本目标追求,政府公用事业特许行为的授权主体应具有事务和地域管辖权,特许行为的内容必须符合各项法律规定且具有合理性和实现可能性,行为过程应遵循法定程序,并以许可证件等书面形式授予特许权。以主体、内容、程序和形式四要件系统构建和阐释的特许行为合法性构成要件理论,为今后特许授权实践和立法提供了理论上的指引。

The franchise is the important way of the government and social capital cooperation in the field of public utilities. The legitimate and effective franchise behavior is the prerequisite and guarantee of the franchise practice. But the current legislation could not provide a complete legal system and properly solve the legitimacy issues of the franchise behavior. The administrative government by law is the basic pursuit of modern administrative law. So the franchise authorized subjects should have transaction and territorial jurisdiction, the contents of the franchise behavior should be in accordance with the laws and have the rationality and possibility, the behavior process should follow the legal procedure, and the form of the authorization should be written form of the licenses. The legitimacy elements of franchise behavior are constituted and interpreted by the four elements of the subject, the content, the procedure and the form, which could provide the theoretical guidance for the franchise practice and the legislation.