对决、批判与“新生”:共犯成立范围理论的一次清理

Dispute,Criticization and Newlife:a Liquidation of the Theory of the Establishment Scope of Joint Crime

由于强调共犯成立必须是故意内容的完全相同且发生"意思疏通",故"完全犯罪共同说"不当局限了共犯成立范围;由于立足于"前构成要件"的自然事实意义上的"行为共同",故"旧行为共同说"有着承认共同过失犯罪而不当扩大共犯成立范围的危险;"新行为共同说"即"构成要件的行为共同说",虽然消除了"旧行为共同说"不当扩大共犯成立范围的危险,但其仍有可能将"同时犯"纳入共同犯罪。在当下获得越来越多支持的同时,"新行为共同说"不为人注意地掩盖着"重复评价"的错误和定罪与科刑相分离,从而形成违背责任主义的致命缺陷。由于背离了共同犯罪的"刑法整体性思维"或"刑法整体性观念","新行为共同说"在我国仍然面临着实定法障碍。虽然对共犯成立范围把握适中,但"部分犯罪共同说"必须切入其理论构造并紧密联系"部分实行全部责任"原则,才能获得"新生"。

Because of emphasizing that the establishment of joint offense should be based on the same intentional content and intentional contact, the theory of completely joint crime incorrectly limits the scope of joint crime. Because the joint behavior was based on the former constitutive elements, meaning natural fact, so the old theory of joint behavior admits the joint negligence crime as incorrectly expanding the risk of the scope of joint crime. Although the new theory of the joint behavior, which is the theory of the joint behavior of constitutive elements, contracts the risk arroused by the old theory, it may bring simultaneous crime into the joint offense. Having received more and more support, the new theory hides the error of repeated evaluation and results in the separation of conviction and sentencing. Thus, it causes the fatal flaw of violating the principle of responsibility. The new theory faces hurdles of the positive law because it deviates from the whole criminal law thinking. Although the theory of partial joint crime has correctly grasped the range of joint offense, it must deepen structure of theory of itself and relate the contact about the principle of partial performance and total li- ability. Only then can it gain a new life.