自导向转向架曲线运行轴间抗剪系统受力研究

Study on Stress of Inter-axel Shear System for Self-steering Bogie While Curving

为显著提升曲线通过性能,自导向转向架采用低轴箱纵向定位刚度和大锥度踏面轮对成为必然,从而需要额外附加轴间抗剪系统以确保足够的直线蛇行稳定性。首先,基于线性稳态解析并以最佳曲线通过为目标,论述了Scheffel提出的轴箱纵向定位刚度匹配设计原理;其次,进行非线性动态曲线通过数值仿真,验证了参数匹配条件下轴间抗剪系统处于不承载的理想工作状态;最后,组合不同轴箱纵向定位刚度和轴间抗剪系统剪切刚度参数取值,仿真分析了参数不匹配条件下轴间抗剪系统的受力变化规律,提出自导向转向架要实现最佳曲线通过,则必须采用匹配设计的轴箱纵向定位刚度,此时轴间抗剪系统仅在直线运行时承受较大载荷;若转向架其他运行性能要求采用更大的轴箱纵向定位刚度,则为确保曲线通过较大程度接近最佳性能,实际应用的参数应取匹配值的2~4倍为宜,轴间抗剪系统的剪切刚度尽量取低值,此时其在曲线运行时承受较小载荷。

In order to improve the curving ability remarkably,it is necessary to use low axel-box longitudinal stiffness and wheelsets with high tread conicity for self-steering bogie.Thus the inter-axel shear system is needed to ensure the enough hunting stability on straight lines.First of all,based on linear steady state analysis and aiming at the best curving,the principles of matching design of axelbox longitudinal stiffness proposed by Scheffel were discussed.Next,through the nonlinear dynamic curving numerical simulation,it is verified that the perfect working status that inter-axel shear system bear no loads while using matched parameters can be achieved.Finally,by combining the different parameter values of axel-box longitudinal stiffness and shear stiffness of inter-axel shear system,the loading variations of inter-axel shear system while using unmatched parameters were analyzed.According to the systemic analysis and comparison of results,the matching designed axel-box longitudinal stiffness must be used for self-steering bogie in order to obtain the best curving.At this case,the inter-axel shear system bears large loads only on straight lines.If the bigger axel-box longitudinal stiffness is needed to satisfy the other bogie running performance,it is recommended that its value applied in practice should be two to four times the matched value.The shear stiffness of inter-axel shear system should be low as soon as possible.In such way,the best curving performance can be reached to a large extent,and low forces will be loaded by inter-axel shear system.