新型烟苗剪叶机设计研究

On Design of a New Tobacco Leaf Trimming Machine

剪叶是烟草育苗过程中的重要环节,烟苗剪叶过程中要求不能有叶浆、碎叶等散落在苗床上,剪叶后要及时清理留在苗床上的残屑,否则可能造成黑腐病等严重烟草病害.目前生产上普遍使用的烟苗剪叶机都是采用圆盘式刀片,进行无支撑旋转切割.此类剪叶机虽较人工提高了效率、减轻了劳动强度,但普遍存在较严重的掉浆、飞叶和漏剪等问题.针对这3大问题,运用TRIZ创新理论中的"因果分析法",找出了产生问题的根本原因,提出了新的剪切方式;运用"物质-场模型",采用创新原理,设计出了碎叶收集系统;基于虚拟样机技术,设计制造出了一种新型烟苗剪叶机;样机经正交试验优化了关键参数.田间试用表明:新型烟苗剪叶机解决了现有的"掉浆、飞叶、漏剪"3大问题,确保了剪叶质量,提高了作业效率,且大大降低了能耗和噪音.

Trimming leaf is an indispensable link in tobacco nursery stage.Leaf pulp or pieces cannot be left on the seedbed while trimming.The residues on the seedbed must be cleared away after trimming in time.Otherwise they may bring some harmful diseases such as black rot.As for existing production,all of growers use disc blades as cutting components and adopt rotary cutting method without supporting.Although all these machines are more efficiency and less intensity of labor comparing with hand trimming,they have three serious problems of dropping leaf pulp,splashing leaf pieces and missing cut.In order to solve these problems,the root causes of the problems have been identified by meas of＂causal analysis＂of TRIZ theory,a new way of cutting proposed,and a leaf piece collection system designed through the innovative principles of the＂substance-field＂model.And,based on virtual prototyping technology,a new type of tobacco leaf trimming machine has been designed.The key parameters of this new machine have been optimized through orthogonal test.Field trials demonstrated that the new leaf trimming machine has solved the three problems mentioned above,ensured the quality of leaf trimming,enhanced the efficiency and greatly reduced energy consumption and noise.