2011—2014年始兴县水痘疫情流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of varicella in Shixing County,2011- 2014

目的分析始兴县2011―2014年水痘流行特征,为今后开展水痘疫苗接种及控制疫情提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对始兴县2011―2014年的水痘疫情资料进行分析。结果 2011―2014年共报告水痘病例414例,年均发病率为42.30/10万。水痘发病呈现2个高峰,分别为5―6月、11月至次年1月,报告病例数分别占病例总数的32.37%（134例）和31.88%（132例）。病例主要集中在1~6岁儿童,共报告251例,占病例总数的60.63%;男性249例,女性165例,男女性别比为1.5∶1;病例职业以学生为主（占33.09%）,其次为托幼儿童（占31.64%）和散居儿童（占28.26%）。结论始兴县水痘高发人群为7岁以下学龄前儿童,建议在自愿知情的情况下推广水痘疫苗接种工作,更好地控制水痘疫情。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Shixing County so as to provide scientific basis for varicella vaccination and epidemic control. Methods Descriptive epide- miological method was used to analyze the varicella epidemic data in Shixing County from 2011 to 2014. Results A total of 414 cases of varicella were reported from 2011 to 2014, with an average annual inci- dence of 42.30/100 000. The incidence of varicella showed 2 peaks. The first peak was during May to June when 134 cases were reported, accounted for 32.37% of the total cases. The other peak was during November to January of next year when 132 cases were reported, accounted for 31.88% of the total cases. The cases were mainly concentrated in the children aged 1 -6 years （251 cases, 60.63% of the total ca- ses）. Of all the cases, 249 were male and 165 were female, and the male to female ratio was 1.5： 1. The occupations of the cases were mainly the students （33.09% of the total cases）, followed by the children in kindergartens and nurseries （ 31.64% ） and scattered children （ 28.26% ）. Conclusion The children aged under 7 years was the high-risk group of the varicella in Shixing County. The vaccination of varicella should be promoted based on voluntary participation and informed consent.