重视黑土资源保护,强化黑土退化防治

Attention to the Protection of Black Soil,Strengthen Black Soil Degradation Prevention and Remediation

本文在实地调研的基础上,结合调研资料,从资源与粮食安全的角度提出了黑土保护的意义,从不可逆退化和生态风险的角度指出了黑土利用当前存在的问题,并从用养平衡和强化治理的角度提出了开展黑土保护与治理的措施建议。论文的主要观点是,黑土是一种珍贵的稀有资源,承载着保障我国粮食安全的重任,也是区域生态安全的重要屏障。当前黑土利用主要存在土壤侵蚀严重、高强度利用下用养失调、存在着重要的生态风险等三大问题。针对黑土的防治,在既有国情条件下,应从被动保护转变为保护与治理相结合,强化治理,从战略定位、制度设计、区域协调和支撑措施上给予系统考虑。

On the basis of field investigation, combined with survey data, this paper puts forward the significance of black soil protection from the perspective of resource and food security, and points out the existing problems of black soil conservation and the protection and management of black soil. The main idea of this paper is that the black soil is a kind of precious rare resources, carrying the iraportant task of ensuring the food security of our country, but also the important protection of regional ecological security. At present, there are three major problems in the use of black soil, which are soil erosion, high strength utilization and ecological risk. For the problems prevention and remediation of black soil, under existing conditions, we should turn to the combination of both protection and remediation from just passive protection, strengthen remediation, and consider these systematically from strategic positioning, institutional design, regional coordination and support measures.