青海共和盆地植被恢复区主要植物群落物种组成与多样性

Species diversity and composition of main plant communities in vegetation restoration area, Gonghe basin, Qinghai orovince

对高寒沙地青海共和盆地植被恢复区不同类型样地下不同植物群落进行全面监测,综合分析了该地区主要植物群落物种组成与多样性。结果表明:(1)在不同生活型中,物种多样性表现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层,这与群落中各层次的物种组成情况相同;(2)植被恢复区内,同一群落类型间生态优势度指数、物种多样性指数以及均匀度指数所呈现出的趋势基本一致,而在不同群落间各指数存在很大差异;(3)在不同的时间序列上,随时间推移,群落逐渐趋于稳定,植被恢复区内不同恢复年限沙丘锦鸡儿群落与丘间地乌柳群落物种多样性指数和均匀度指数呈递增的变化过程,而优势度指数随恢复年代的变化则呈递减的变化过程。研究结果表明:植被恢复在保护物种多样性、促进群落稳定等方面发挥着重要作用。而在植被恢复过程中,需要注意合理的林-草、林-灌、灌-草布局,更好的促进群落的自然更新。

The overall research on different plant communities of different plot types was conducted in vegetation restoration area, Gonghe Basin, Qinghai province. After analyzing species composition of the main plant communities in the area, species richness, ecological dominance, species diversity and evenness of the community were comprehensively calculated. The results showed that（1） According to different life forms, the level of the species diversity can be arranged in an order as herb shrub arbor, which was identical with the component of species in the community.（2） There is also considerable difference in the ecological dominance, species diversity and evenness of different communities, and in the same community changed no difference.（3） According to different restoration time, the community was becoming more and more steady as time gone. The Shannon-Winenner index and evenness index could be showed increasing change but the richness index showed diminishing in the different restoration years both in the Caragana sinica Community in sand dune and the Salix cheilophila Community in the sandy land among the dunes. The results indicate that vegetation restoration plays an active role in the fields of the protection of the biodiversity, the restoration of the vegetation and the improvement of ecological environment. During the procession of vegetation restoration we should realize logical distribution of species, in order to promote the stability and rejuvenation of the communities.