几种常见观赏蛇人工养殖条件下生长与繁殖特性比较研究

Comparative study on biological characteristics of six common ornamental snake in artificial breeding conditions

对几种常见观赏蛇的生长及繁殖情况进行比较,为观赏蛇人工高效养殖提供科学参考。实验采用室内温度控制个体单独饲养法,分别对玉米蛇、王蛇、黑眉曙蛇、赤链蛇、王锦蛇、白条锦蛇6种常见观赏蛇进行饲养与观察,测量与记录取食、增重、蜕皮、交配、产卵、孵化、子蛇存活、患病及死亡等相关生物学特性指标,并进行比较分析。结果显示,20—32℃人工养殖条件下,大鼠和小鼠的幼鼠是各观赏蛇的主要食物;王锦蛇在出生重与1—4龄重等指标明显高于其它品种蛇;进食越多的个体蜕皮次数越多,3龄前为各蛇种生长高峰期;3龄蛇可达性成熟,多数在3—5月份交配;玉米蛇、王蛇的孵化率、成活率较其他四种观赏蛇高。人工养殖条件下,各观赏蛇生长与繁殖生物学特性不同,中小规模人工养殖具有可行性。

The growth and reproduction of several common ornamental snake were compared by temperature control and individual feeding method in our study which could provide a scientific reference for efficient artificial breeding. Six kinds of common ornamental snakes, Elaphe guttata, Lampropeltis, Orthriophis taeniura mocquardi, Dinodon rufozonatum, Elaphe carinata and Elaphe dione, were fed and observed respectively. Several biological characteristics indexes such as the weight gain, eeding, mating, oviposition, hatching, molting, morbidity and mortality were measured, recorded and analyzed. Result showed that rat and mouse pups are the main food for various ornamental snakes under the artificial cultivation condition. The birth weight and 1 to 4 years weight index of Elaphe carinata were significantly higher than the other snakes; eating more times led to more molting. The time before the age of 3 years was the peak growth stage of each kind of snake, 3 years old was the sexual maturity age of most snakes, and most of them were in march-may mating. The hatch rate and survival rate of Elaphe guttata and Lampropeltis were higher than the other four species of ornamental snakes. All the results showed that the growth and reproductive biology characteristics of six species of ornamental snake were different under artificial culture conditions. It is more feasible for artificial breeding in small and medium scale.