台风“威马逊”对东寨港红树林灾害程度影响因子分析

Impact of “Rammasun” on mangrove communities in Dongzhaigang, Hainan

2014年7月18日,一场自1973年以来登陆华南沿海的最强台风"威马逊"袭击海南,台风造成重大的人员伤亡和经济损失,同时也对海岸带红树林生态系统造成极大破坏。台风后在海南东寨港红树林保护区选取样地,利用样方法对风灾给红树林不同群落造成的影响进行调查,了解红树林群落受灾程度的影响因子。调查结果表明,木麻黄较红树林群落受灾严重;而红树林群落中,海莲、无瓣海桑折树与倒树比例较大,而秋茄、桐花树、白骨壤较小;通过相关分析发现,红树林群落枝叶损失率与其株高、冠幅存在一定的正相关。此外,红树林群落在本次台风中受灾害的程度还与林分密度,群落结构等存在显著的关系。

On 18 th of July, 2014, the strongest typhoon of ＂Rammasun＂（ever since 1973） has landed on the coastal areas of southern China and attacked Hainan Province. It has caused massive casualties and economic losses, as well as a great damage to the mangroves ecosystem of coastal zone. After it ended, we chose sampling sites at Dongzhaigang National and Natural Reserve of Hainan Island to investigate the effects of ＂Rammasun＂ on different mangrove communities in order to find out the impact factors of typhoon for the mangrove communities. Our results suggested that the Casuarinas equisetifolia communities were much more serious than mangrove communities in this disaster. In mangrove communities, the ratio of broken trees and laid trees was higher for Bruguiera sexangula and Sonneratia pagatpat, while lower for Kandelia candel, Aegiceras corniculatum and Avicennia marina. Based on the correlation analysis, we found that the ratio of losing branches and leaves had a positive correlation with height and crown size of trees, respectively. In addition, the disaster degree of mangrove communities was significantly correlated with stand density and stand structure.