干旱半干旱区肉牛育肥典型日粮筛选试验

Typical Diet Screening Test of Beef Cattle Fattening in Arid and Semi-arid Region

[目的]为筛选原料来源广泛、价廉物美的原材料进行育肥肉牛日粮配制。[方法]选择年龄18~24月龄、体重250~300kg健康的西门达尔杂种肉牛30头,随机分为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组,每组15头;试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组粗饲料分别为青贮玉米秸秆、氨化麦秸,自由采食。试验Ⅰ组随机分为A、B、C三个组,试验Ⅱ组随机分为D、E、F三个组,每组平均5头,依次分别饲喂混合精料配方1、配方2和配方3,育肥牛在同舍以组为单位分栏饲喂90天后。[结果]显示：试验Ⅰ组日增重比试验Ⅱ组高13.98%（P〈0.05）、饲料报酬高9.55%;其中试验Ⅰ组中B组的日增重1.34kg,分别比A、C、D、E、F组提高13.56%（P〈0.05）、16.52%（P〈0.0541.05%（P〈0.01）、11.67%（P〈0.05）和25.23%（P〈0.01）,饲料报酬3.77：1,分别比C、D、E、F组提高9.16%、9.59%、5.28%和11.29%。试验Ⅱ组中E组的平均日增重为1.20kg、饲料报酬为3.98：1,同组育肥效果最好;头均纯收入试验Ⅰ组高于试验Ⅱ组295.2元,试验Ⅰ组B组效益最好,试验Ⅱ组E组效益最好。[结论]肉牛育肥生产中,在日粮精料相同情况下,日粮中饲喂青贮玉米秸秆育肥效果显著好于饲喂氨化麦秸;但选用青贮玉米秸秆为粗饲料时,选用B组混合精料配方育肥效果最好;选用氨化麦秸为粗饲料时,选用E组混合精料配方育肥效果最好。两个粮配方在定西及类似地区均有取材方便、价格较低的特点,值得在肉牛育肥中推广。

In order to screen extensive and cheap raw materials for fattening beef cattle diet preparation,a total of 30 healthy Simon dahl hybrid beef cattle were selected and equally divided into two groups,named groupⅠ,group Ⅱ,respectively,and the age of them was among 18 to 24months and their weight was among 250~300kg.The silage ammoniation wheat straw,corn stalks,free food intake were treated in two groups.groupⅠ were randomly equally divided into A,B,C three groups,groupⅡ were equally randomly divided into three groups termed D,E,F,and there were 5cattle in each group,feeding mixed concentrate formula 1,formula 2and formula 3,respectively.The experiment of fattening cattle in the same house as one group lasted 90 days.The daily gained weight of groupⅠ were 13.98% heavier than that of groupⅡ（P〈0.05）,as well as the feed remuneration was 9.55% higher than that of groupⅡ;The daily gained weight of B group in groupⅠ was 1.34 kg,which had increased by 13.56%（P〈0.05）,13.56%（P〈0.05）,41.05%（P〈0.01）,11.67%（P〈0.05）and 25.23%（P〈0.01）than A,C,D,E,F group,respectively.The feed remuneration of B group was 3.77：1,which has increased 9.16%,9.59%,5.28% and 9.16% than C,D,E,F group,respectively.The average daily gain of E group in group Ⅱ was 1.20 kg,feed remuneration is 3.98：1,and the group had the best fattening effect;The average income of every individual in groupⅠis 295.2yuan higher than that of groupⅡ,and the benefits of B group was highest in groupⅠas well as the benefits of E group was highest in groupⅡ.Therefore,in the production of beef cattle fattening,when the concentrate was same in the diet,the effect of silage maize straw fattening was significantly better than that of ammoniated straw;But when choosing silage corn straw as roughage,the effect of mixed concentrate formulation fattening B group was best;When choosing ammoniated straw for roughage,the effect of mixed concentrate formulation fattening E group was best.Two feed formulas had the characteristics of convenience and low price in dingxi and similar areas,which meaning that these two feed formulas were worth promoting in the beef cattle fattening.