英国、美国、俄罗斯公共体育服务的发展方式

Ways of development of public sports service in the United Kingdom, the United States and Russia

从发展理念、管理体制与运行机制3个维度,探究英国、美国、俄罗斯3个较典型国家的公共体育服务发展方式。通过比较分析认为:虽然三个国家的公共体育服务发展方式受其宏观层面的政治、经济与社会制度的影响体现不同的特点,但其未来发展又呈现相同的趋势。首先是在发展理念上,三个国家均越来越重视公共体育服务在促进国民身心健康、提升国家人力资本方面的作用,"以人为本"的公共体育服务发展理念正成为三个国家共同的价值诉求。其次是在管理体制上,三个国家正在努力构建政府职能明确、统筹灵活,社团或企业管理高效、运转顺畅的公共体育服务管理格局。最后是在运行机制上,三个国家均强调以社区体育为核心来发展公共体育服务,并通过多元化的合作形式促进学校、社团和企业投身到社区体育的发展中来。

In such 3 dimensions as development conception, management system and running mechanism, the authors probed into the ways of development of public sports service in the United Kingdom, the United States and Russia, and put forward the following opinions via comparative analysis： although the ways of development of public sports service in the 3 countries showed different characteristics as affected by their macroscopic political, economic and social systems, its future development shows the same trend; firstly, in terms of development conception, all the 3 countries are paying more and more attention to the functions of public sports service in promoting the physical and mental health of their people and increasing human capital of respective countries; the ＂people oriented＂ public sports service development conception is becoming the common value appeal of the 3 countries; secondly, in terms of management system, the 3 countries are striving to build a government functions specified, flexibly planned, association or enterprise management highly efficient and running smooth public sports service management structure; lastly, in terms of running mechanism, all the 3 countries emphasize developing public sports service by basing its core on community sports, and by means of diversified forms of cooperation, encourage schools, associations and enterprises to devote themselves to the development of community sports.