肠道菌群和脂代谢异常

Intestinal microbiota and lipid metabolic disorders

肠道菌群在能量摄取和局部或系统性炎症中发挥了重要的生理作用。脂代谢异常与肠道菌群失调相关,肠道内致病菌增多,益生菌减少,同时肠道致病菌可破坏肠道屏障,增加渗透性,导致内毒素入血。肠道菌群能调节脂类、脂多糖(LPS)含量和短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)的生成,并能影响食物摄入,炎症反应和胰岛素信号转导等。肠道菌群改变或许可作为脂代谢异常的早期诊断标志。在此基础上可改变肠道菌群,为治疗脂代谢异常提供新方法。目前有许多基于肠道菌群的治疗策略,包括益生元、益生菌、二甲双胍或肠道粪便移植(FMT),这些均对机体代谢和代谢性疾病的发展产生一定影响。

Intestinal microbiota plays essential physiological roles in the energy extraction and in the control of partial or systemic immunity. Lipid metabolic disorders are associated with changes of the intestinal microbiota, such as the increasing of the pathogenic bacterium which can disrupt the gut barrier and increase gut permeability, resulting in the leakage of LPS into the portal blood circulation and decreasing of the probiotics. Intestinal microbiota can modulate lipid accumulation, LPS content and the production of SCFAs that affect food intake, inflammatory reaction and insulin signaling. Intestinal microbiota composition might function as early diagnosis markers for the development of lipid metabolic disorders. Several strategies have been developed to change intestinal microbiota such as prebiotics, probiotics, metformin and FMT, which could affect the development of organic metabolism and lipid metabolic disorders.