宋代招抚使始置时间与设置缘由考

A Study on the Starting Time and the Reason of Establishing the Official Post of Zhaofushi in Song Dynasty

中国古代招抚使始置于唐代广德二年(764)九月。宋代招抚使从广义上看始置于北宋开宝七年(974)十月;从狭义上看始置于南宋建炎元年(1127)六月,招抚使设置的缘由为招募人才以抵御金人,首任招抚使为张所。宋代共有28位招抚使副,其中北宋1位,南宋27位。宋代招抚使尽管具有先天不足、后天失调的缺陷,但在宋代仍发挥着十分重要的作用。

Zhaofushi began to be set in Tang Dynasty Guang De two years（ 764） in September. Looking from a broad sense,in Song Dynasty,Zhaofushi began to be set in Kai Bao seven years（ 974） in October. Looking from a narrow sense,in Song Dynasty,Zhaofushi began to be set in Jian Yan one year（ 1127） in June. Zhaofushi was set in order to recruit talents to resist Jin. The first Zhaofushi was Zhang Suo in Southern Song Dynasty. There were 28 Zhaofushi and adjutants in Song Dynasty. Among them,there were 1 in Northern Song Dynasty and 27 in Southern Song Dynasty. Although Zhaofushi in Song Dynasty was congenitally deficient,with acquired disorders,it still played a very important role in Song Dynasty.