湖北省耕地利用效率的区域差异及提升对策

Comparison and Analysis of Cultivated Land Use Efficiency and Its Improving Proposals in Hubei Province

[目的]分析湖北省各县耕地利用效率的区域差异并探寻各研究单元（DMU）的优化空间,提出区域差别化的耕地利用效率提升对策。[方法]使用湖北省78个县域研究单元1987—2012年的耕地投入产出面板数据,构建CCR模型和超效率数据包络分析（DEA）模型。[结果]至2012年,湖北省县域单元耕地利用效率逐年下降,存在投入要素的冗余。（1）该省95%的单元化肥投入存在0%~87%的冗余率;（2）鄂西山区和鄂东南丘陵地区劳动力冗余率分别达到42%和52%;（3）农业机械投入同样在江汉平原与鄂西山区、鄂东南丘陵地区出现显著冗余,分别达到37%,45%和54%。[结论]（1）该区域需减少化肥施用量;（2）鄂西山区和鄂东南丘陵地区应着力采取推动劳动力转移的政策以释放剩余农业劳动力;（3）鄂西山区和鄂东南丘陵地区应适当控制农业机械的投入,而适宜推广规模化种植的江汉平原可通过提高管理效率以提升农用机械利用效率,减少冗余。

[Objective]By measuring and comparing the cultivated land use efficiency of each county in Hubei Province,this paper aimed to summarize their regional differences in order to explore the optimize space of each DMU（decision making units）.[Methods]CCR model and super-efficiency DEA（data envelopment analysis）model were used based on the cultivated land use data of 78 county units of Hubei Province during1987—2012.[Results]The study found that the redundancy of input factors was common in Hubei Province and the cultivated land use efficiency presented regional differences：（1）95% of the units presented 0% ~87% of fertilizer redundancy.（2）Western mountain area and southeast hilly area in Hubei Province presented 42%and 52% of labor redundancy separately.（3）The above two mentioned areas and the Jianghan plain all presented agricultural machinery redundancy with about 40 percent.[Conclusion]（1）Fertilizer amount should be reduced in almost all counties.（2）Agricultural surplus labor should be appropriately transferred in western mountain area and southeast hilly areas of Hubei Province.（3）Agricultural machinery investment should be adjusted on the basis of the local environments and arable land using needs.