曹氏归义军初期敦煌洞窟营建中折射出的价值观——以莫高窟第98窟为例

The Value System Reflected by the Construction of the Dunhuang Caves at the Beginning of the Gui-yi-jun Regime Ruled by the Cao Family

莫高窟第98窟是曹氏归义军时期极具代表性和典型性的一所大窟,该窟表现出的现实意味尤为强烈,如供养人像数量众多、涵盖广泛、人物鲜活、身量高大、详列职衔,与之相比窟中诸佛、菩萨造像偏小,神性消退而人性崛起等,所有这些现象都是窟主政治理想和人生哲学的真实反映。从发愿、示愿和现愿三个层次看,曹氏归义军初期洞窟的营建有一个很重要的功能就是要向政权内外充分展示自己的政治抱负、执政理念、外交方略、治理路径和安邦之策,发愿直白,示愿形象,现愿笃行。

Mogao Cave 98 is the most representative large cave of the Gui-yi-jun Army ruled by the Cao family. This cave exhibits strong realistic meaning such as the large number of donors, extensive connotations,vivid and large figures, and detailed titles. By contrast, the images of Buddhas and bodhisattvas are relatively smaller in size, highlighting their humanity rather than divinity. All these phenomena are the true reflection of the donors＇ political ideals and life philosophy. Judging from the three levels of ＂ straightforward making a vow,＂＂vividly depicting a vow,＂ and ＂piously fulfilling a vow,＂ the caves at the beginning of the Gui-yi-jun Army ruled by the Cao family was constructed to fully indicate the donors＇ political ambitions, ruling ideas, political strategies, governing approaches, and the strategy of managing a country.