文殊山石窟西夏《水月观音图》与《摩利支天图》考释

A Study on the Images of Water-Moon Avalokitesvara and Marici of the Western Xia Dynasty in the Wenshushan Grottoes

文殊山石窟群后山古佛洞中发现了西夏时期绘制的两幅《水月观音图》,在其中一幅《水月观音图》中还绘制了《玄奘取经图》的小画面,它们与瓜州榆林窟、东千佛洞等石窟中发现的西夏时期的《水月观音图》及《玄奘取经图》具有基本相同的形式。古佛洞中还发现了西夏时期绘制的一幅《摩利支天图》,类似题材也曾发现于敦煌与黑水城等地出土的艺术品之中。这几幅图像为研究西夏佛教艺术提供了重要的新资料。

Two Western Xia images of Water-Moon Avalokitesvara have been found in the Gufo Cave of the Wenshushan Grottoes. One contains a scene of Xuanzang＇s journey to India in which the basic form of images of Water-Moon Avalokitesvara and Xuanzang＇s journey are the same as the patterns in similar images found in both the Yulin Grottoes and the Eastern Thousand-Buddha Grottoes in Guazhou. There is also an image of Marici deva from the Western Xia dynasty found in the Gufo Cave, which has also been found inartworks excavated from Dunhuang and Khara-khoto. These images provide significant new material for studying the Buddhist art of the Western Xia dynasty.