古代墓室壁画地仗加固材料的室内研究

Laboratory Study on the Conservation and Restoration Materials of Wall Paintings of Ancient Tombs

通过对烧料礓石、烧阿嘎土和欧洲水硬石灰NHL5矿物成分及这三种胶凝材料分别与石英砂、粉煤灰做填料的浆液结石体物理力学特性的分析对比,发现烧料礓石、烧阿嘎土、水硬石灰NHL5的化学组成主要是气性胶凝材料石灰CaO(或Ca(OH)_2)和水硬性胶凝材料β-硅酸钙(β-C_2S)及铝硅酸钙(C_2AS)。试验研究表明,这些材料的结石体有相近的弹性波速和适宜的初凝速度及终凝速度,有强的抗冻融性、水稳定性、耐碱性介质及耐温湿度变化对其强度的影响性。同时,三种胶凝材料结石体孔隙率大,既有好的透气、透水性,又有好的与岩土文物本体结合的兼容性,适宜做古代墓室壁画地仗的修复加固材料。

By analyzing the ore elements contained in calcined ginger nut, calcined Aga soil, and Europe hydraulic lime NHL5, and by comparing the mechanics of the three materials with concretions made by silicon and fly ash, it can be found that the chemical constituents of the three aforementioned materials are CaO [or Ca（OH）_2, as a gas concretion], β-C_2S, and C_2AS（the hydraul concretion）. The concretions made by these materials have similar flexible wave speeds and suitable congeal speeds（at beginning and end）, strong durability of freezing-thawing resistance, water stability, durability of alkali, and durability against changing temperature and humidity. Meanwhile, the porosity of the concretions of the three materials is large, and the concretions exhibit good penetration for gas and water and good compatibility, which makes them ideal conservation materials for repairing the plaster of ancient tomb paintings.