蓝莓花青素有效缓解种群拥挤对果蝇的胁迫

Blueberry anthocyanins effectively relieve the stress of population crowding in Drosophila melanogaster

【目的】明确拥挤胁迫对果蝇生长发育的影响,并探讨蓝莓花青素(Blueberry anthocyanins,BAC)对黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster Meigen拥挤损伤的保护作用。【方法】研究不同培养密度,BAC浓度及两者协同处理对果蝇生长发育、胁迫应激和氧化应激的影响。【结果】通过观察生长在低、中、高密度下的果蝇发现,随着培养密度的升高,果蝇的蛹历期延长,体重和雌雄比显著下降,HSP70的表达水平显著上升及MDA显著下降。BAC处理显著增加果蝇蛹的数量,缩短蛹历期,降低果蝇HSP70的表达和MDA含量。在高密度组果蝇培养基中添加维生素C(Vitamin C,VC)和BAC后,拥挤胁迫仍为主要影响因素,除了VC显著缓解果蝇雌雄比失衡外,两种药物对果蝇体重和蛹历期的恢复均无显著效应。但VC和BAC处理显著降低果蝇HSP70的表达水平和MDA含量,VC处理显著提高CAT和SOD酶活性,而BAC对酶活性的影响小。雌蝇对拥挤胁迫更敏感,因此,高密度下VC和BAC对雌蝇的影响比雄蝇大。【结论】拥挤胁迫导致果蝇发育延缓,体重下降,雌雄比失衡,这与其激发果蝇的应激反应和氧化损伤相关,VC和BAC能够降低拥挤胁迫诱导的应激反应,减少氧化损伤。

[Objectives] To investigate the effects of high population density on the development of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen and the potential for blueberry anthocyanins（BAC） and vitamin C（VC） to reduce density-associated stress. [Methods] The effects on development, stress response, and oxidative stress, of flies at high population density, with and without BAC or VC, was studied. [Results] Results show that the duration of the pupal stage increased, body weight and female-male ratio decreased, HSP70 expressional increased, and MDA levels declined, with increasing density. BAC significantly increased the number of pupae, shortened the duration of the pupal stage, and reduced HSP70 expression and MDA levels. Neither VC nor BAC had any significant effects on body weight or pupal duration, however, treatment with VC balanced the female-male ratio. HSP70 expression and MDA significantly decreased following VC and BAC treatment, whereas CAT and SOD activity were significantly increased by VC treatment, but only slightly affected by BAC treatment. Female flies were more sensitive to density and VC and BAC had a more beneficial effect on female than male flies under high population density. [Conclusion] High population density prolonged the pupal stage, reduced body weight and decreased the ratio of females to males in the population. These effects are likely to be related to the inducement of the stress response and oxidative damage. However, VC and BAC can reduce the negative effects of crowding by reducing the stress response and oxidative damage.