城市园林对本土传粉者中华蜜蜂的保护作用

The function of city landscape architecture in the conservation of native pollinator Apis cerana cerana F.

【目的】蜜蜂等传粉昆虫是生态系统的关键种,其种群下降趋势是目前全球关注的热点问题,探讨传粉昆虫现状和保护途径具有重要实践意义。【方法】对四川地区城市园林里中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana进行调查,记录其拜访行为、蜜粉源植物和营巢生境特征,并观察主要植物的其他访花昆虫。【结果】城市园林中有大量开花植物,花期持续时间长,是蜜蜂可利用的食物资源;中华蜜蜂在城市中广泛活动,所调查城市都观测到采集蜂进行有效采集,在冬季中华蜜蜂蜂群也能正常活动;城市中其他访花昆虫以鳞翅目和双翅目为主,蝴蝶等会竞争食物资源,行为分析认为蜜蜂具有竞争优势;部分人工绿地和半自然生境可成为中华蜜蜂的营巢地。【结论】城市园林可为中华蜜蜂提供适宜的生存环境,建议改善城市景观和园林管理以更好地发挥园林生境的保护作用。

[Objectives] Because insect pollinators, such as honeybees, are keystone species in many ecosystems, their global decline is the focus of intense, worldwide interest. Exploring the conservation status, and ways of conserving, pollinating insects are essential to prevent their extinction. [Methods] The feeding preferences and preferred hive habitat of Apis cerana cerana F. were studied in city gardens in Sichuan Province. Other flower visiting insects were also recorded on flowers of the main plant species. [Results] The gardens contained many nectar and pollen producing plants with long flowering periods that bees could utilize. A. cerana cerana. workers were active in cities. Effective foraging by workers was observed in all cities included in the study, and normal bee activity was also observed in winter. The Diptera and Lepidoptera were also common in gardens and compete with honey bees for food, although bees had the competitive advantage. Some green land and semi-natural habitats were the preferred locations of A. cerana cerana. [Conclusion] City gardens can provide suitable habitats for A. cerana cerana improvement of city landscapes and garden management will promote the conservation value of city gardens.