不同类型蜂箱对中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana Fabricius生产性能的影响

The effects of different kinds of honeybee hives on honey production in Apis cerana cerana Fabricius

【目的】为了研究不同类型蜂箱对中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana Fabricius生产性能的影响。【方法】我们在综合考虑甘肃南部地区中华蜜蜂饲养模式、规模、当地环境等因素的基础上,选用标准蜂箱、原始蜂箱和生态蜂箱3种类型蜂箱在当地主要流蜜期进行蜂蜜生产试验。【结果】结果发现,蜂箱类型对蜂群的年产蜜量、存蜜量和取蜜次数存在显著影响(P<0.05),其中标准蜂箱在4个试验点的年产蜜量最高,原始蜂箱的存蜜量最高,而生态蜂箱在这2个指标上表现适中,标准蜂箱的年取蜜次数稍多。本研究中海拔和蜜源植物对蜂群生产性能没有明显影响。【结论】采用何种类型蜂箱进行中华蜜蜂养殖,应根据当地的环境状况、蜜源条件、文化及养蜂基础等多种因素综合考虑。

[Objectives] To determine the effects of different kinds of honeybee hives on honey production in Apis cerana cerana Fabricius. [Methods] A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of 3 different kinds of hives on honey production by A. c. cerana in Southern Gansu during the primary nectar-flow period. [Results] The greatest quantities of honey were produced in standard hives at all 4 experimental sites but the best quality honey was produced in original hives. The honey produced in ＂ecological hives＂ was intermediate with respect to both quantity and quality. Honey was collected from standard hives slightly more often than from the other two hive types. Hive type had a significant effect on honey quantity, quality and the frequency of honey collection. However, altitude and nectar plants did not significantly affect these 3 variables. [Conclusion] Selection of hive types for A. c. cerana should be based on a consideration of the local environment, including nectar plants, local apicultural practices and honeybee ecology.