艾纳香属药用植物的化学分类学

The Phytochemistry Taxonomy of Blumea-Medical Herbs

艾纳香作为传统的民族药已有悠久的历史,在苗族、壮族等少数民族流传甚广,其具有抗炎、杀菌等功效。据记载艾纳香属中有10到15个种可以入药,为了加强对其合理的使用,了解10种艾纳香属药用植物中的共有或特征性化学成分与植物类群间的关系,探讨其演化规律,该文采用薄层层析(TLC)法,分别以甲醇为提取液,二氯甲烷∶丙酮=(12∶1)为展开剂和乙酸乙酯为提取液,石油醚-乙酸乙酯-氯仿(3∶1∶0.5)为展开剂进行成分展开,进行了初步的化学分类研究,并以TLC图谱中斑点的Rf值为依据,采用SPSS系统进行聚类分析。TLC结果表明:10种艾纳香属药用植物中的化学成分较多且存在差异,薄层色谱图(甲醇提取物)中Rf=0.4处斑点出现较为集中,其中以艾纳香中所含的化学成分较多,推测艾纳香属药用植物中的基源物种。且部分样品在此色谱条件下显现出易于识别的特征性斑点,可用于艾纳香品种的鉴识。该研究初步确定了这几种艾纳香属药用植物的亲缘关系,为寻找到艾纳香的药用替代品及后续艾纳香属药用植物的研究奠定了基础。

Blumea balsamifera,a traditional ethnic medical plant,had been used for a long history in the Miao,Zhuang and other minorities. It possesses theanti-inflammatory and anti-bactericidal effects. Among species of Blumea,10- 15 were used as folk medicine. To satisfy the demand of rational use,explore its evolution,as well as to better understand the relationship between common and specific chemical compounds among 10 species of Blumea used for medicine,currently,the TLC method was employed to preliminarily study the chemical classification.The results showed that the chemical composition varied among the 10 species.Spots were concentrated at Rf 0.4,chiefly on the compounds of Blumea balsamifera.So Blumeabalsamiferawas the based species of Blumea. Some species demonstrated easily identifiable specific spots in the chromatographic analysis,therefore,this method might be used for the Blumea indentification. The result initially revealed the genetic relationship of Blumea medicinal plants,which laid the foundation for the further exploitation of Blumea medicinal plants.