云南植物考古现状

The Present Situation of Archaeology in Yunan Province

云南的植物考古工作开展的较晚,且早期一直被认为是亚洲栽培稻的起源地之一。进入21世纪,云南植物考古的研究方法和获取植物遗存的手段开始发生转变,陆续采用浮选法进行科学采样的遗址有永仁磨盘地遗址、耿马石佛洞遗址、剑川海门口遗址、元谋大墩子遗址、澄江学山遗址、江川光坟头遗址、西双版纳娜咪囡洞穴遗址、元谋磨盘山遗址、东川玉碑地遗址、维西宗咱遗址以及宾川白羊村遗址等。云南的稻作农业可能是由长江中下游地区向西南经成都平原、贵州传播至云南北部及东部;旱作农业应该是受到西北甘青地区民族和北方草原民族的两次南迁的影响,而云南南部则有可能存在依赖于根系作物和块茎作物的原始农业。

Archaeobotany in Yunnan starts later than other branches of archaeology, however, it has been always regarded as one of the originations of Oryza sativa at early stage. Since 21 st century, the research methods and ways of obtaining the plant remains in Yunnan archaeobotany have changed, flotation has been used as a scientific way of sampling continually in many sites, such as Mopandi in Yongren,Shifo Cave in Gengma, Haimenkou in Jianchuan, Neolithic site at Dadunzi of Yuanmou, Xueshan site in Chengjiang, Guangfentou in Jiangchuan, Naminan Cave in Xishuangbanna, Mopan Mountain in Yuanmou,Yubeidi site in Dongchuan, Zongzan site in Weixi and Baiyang Village in Binchuan. The rice agriculture in Yunnan may have been spreaded from middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River towards southwestern through Chengdu Plain and Guizhou province and finally reached the northern and eastern of Yunnan; The dry agriculture may have been influenced by the two immigration of ethnic groups, which lived in Gansu Qinghai area, the northwestern China and northern grassland towards south. Inaddition, there may be primitive agriculture relied on root crop and tuber crop in southern Yunnan.