三嗪膨胀阻燃剂/聚苯醚阻燃聚丙烯的性能研究

Study on Properties of Polypropylene with Triazine Intumescent Flame Retardant/Polyphenylene Oxide System

以三嗪成炭发泡剂(CFA)、聚磷酸铵(APP)及二氧化硅(Si O2)复配制备成三嗪膨胀阻燃剂(IFR);将聚苯醚(PPO)以不同的比例取代IFR体系中的CFA成分,制备出新型膨胀阻燃剂,并将其添加到聚丙烯(PP)中制备阻燃PP材料。通过极限氧指数(LOI)和垂直燃烧(UL 94)测试研究了材料的阻燃性能,通过拉伸性能、弯曲性能和冲击性能测试研究了材料的力学性能,通过热重分析(TGA)测试研究了材料的热稳定性及热降解行为。结果表明:当阻燃剂用量为20%、PPO替换CFA的量为20%时,阻燃PP材料能通过UL 94V-0级,氧指数为31.0%;当阻燃剂用量为22%、PPO替换CFA的量为30%时,阻燃PP材料依然能通过UL 94V-0级,氧指数为30.9%,随着PPO替换比例的增加,材料的阻燃性能逐渐下降。力学性能测试结果表明,与单独添加IFR相比,随着PPO替换量的增加,阻燃材料的力学性能略有下降,但下降幅度不大。TGA测试结果表明,当阻燃剂用量为20%、PPO替换20%的CFA时,对材料的热降解行为和成炭性能几乎没有影响。总之,在保证材料阻燃性能的前提下,用适量PPO替换CFA,在一定程度上降低了三嗪膨胀阻燃剂及膨胀阻燃PP材料的成本,从而提高了产品的市场竞争力。

The triazine charring-foaming agent（CFA） mixed with ammonium polyphosphate（APP） and silicon dioxide（Si O2） to prepare intumescent flame retardant（IFR）. The component of CFA in IFR system was replaced by polyphenylene oxide（PPO） with different mass ratio and the novel flame retardant system of IFR/PPO composite was obtained, and the IFR/PPO composite was incorporated into polypropylene（PP） matrix to prepare flame retardant PP materials. The flame retardant properties of materials were investigated by limited oxygen index（LOI） and vertical burning（UL 94） tests, the mechanical properties of materials were measured by tensile, flexural and impact strength tests and the thermal stability and thermal degradation behavior of materials were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis（TGA） tests. The results demonstrate that the samples passed UL 94V-0 flammability rating and its LOI value is 31.0% when the loading amount of flame retardant is fixed 20% and the replaced amount of PPO is 20% based on CFA. When the loading amount of flame retardant is increased to 22%, PP materials still passed UL 94V-0 rating and its LOI value is 30.9% with the replaced amount of PPO was 30% based on CFA. The flame retardancy of PP materials gradually decreases with the increase of the replaced amount of PPO based on CFA. The mechanical properties tests results reveal that the tensile, bending and impact strength of flame retardant PP materials slightly decrease with the introduction of PPO into IFRPP composites. The results of TGA tests indicate the incorporation of PPO has slight effect on the thermal degradation and char-forming ability of flame retardant PP when the additive amount of flame retardant is 20% and the replaced amount PPO is 20% based on CFA. In summary, under the premise of ensuring the flame retardancy of PP materials, the cost of the triazine intumescent flame retardant and IFR-PP will decrease to a certain extent when CFA was replaced by PPO with a reasonable proportion, thus enhance the competitiveness of products in market.