老年患者感染特点与优化抗菌治疗研究进展

Infection characteristics and optimization of antimicrobial treatment among senile patients

本文通过查阅文献分析老年患者的感染特点及其抗菌优化治疗研究的特点。以抗菌药物的合理选择为基础，着眼于老年患者病原菌、对感染的敏感性、临床症状、病情变化、并发症、病程、疗效及抗菌药物不良反应等问题进行全面了解。本文立足于抗菌药物临床用药原则和老年患者药代动力学／药效动力学（PK／PD）特点，总结老年患者感染性疾病在抗菌药物用药类别、剂量、疗程和间期及联合等问题的研究进展，旨在充分掌握老年患者感染特点及优化抗菌治疗现状，以期为老年感染性疾病患者更加安全、合理地选择和使用抗菌药物提供理论依据。

Through reviewing literatures, we analyzed the infection characteristics in senile patients and features of antibacterial treatment optimization in them. On the basis of rational selection of antibiotics, we focused on and had a full understanding of the pathogenic bacteria, susceptibility to infections, clinical symptoms, condition changes, complications, clinical course, and efficacy and adverse reactions of antibiotic drugs in the elderly. In this article, based on the principles of clinical use of antibiotics and the characteristics of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics （PK/PD） in these patients, we summarized the research progress in categories, dosage, treatment course and interphase, and combined use of antimicrobial drugs for the elderly with infective diseases. We aimed to fully grasp the infection characteristics and antibacterial treatment optimization so as to provide a theoretical basis for safer and more rational selection and use of antimicrobial agents for them.