清末民国汉语文写作课程转型简论

On Transformation of Chinese Writing Teaching in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Time of Republic of China

清末民国以来,中小学写作课程逐渐被纳入社会公共事业体系。伴随着汉语书面语的文白转化,汉语文写作课程基本完成转型,经历文言文写作课程式微(1902—1911)、白话文写作课程确立(1912—1927)、写作课程标准语体文导向(1928-1949)三个发展阶段,显现生活化、科学化的发展路向,形成写作课程知识化、技能化的发展格局。受实用工具理性的驱动,现代语体文写作课程与文言文写作实践经验渐行渐远,伴随着写作课程重心从小学段向中学段转移,写作课程地位持续下降,逐渐形成以阅读本位为特征的现代语文教育模式,现代语体文写作课程面临危机。

Since the late Qing Dynasty and the time of Republic of China,Chinese writing teaching in primary and secondary schools has been introduced into the public affairs system of the society. With the transformation of the written language from classical Chinese into vernacular Chinese,modern Chinese writing teaching was gradually established. Modern Chinese writing teaching went through about three stages： the decline of classical Chinese writing（ 1902-1911）,the formation of vernacular Chinese writing teaching（ 1912-1927） and the establishment of the standard vernacular orienting writing teaching（ 1928-1949）. Emerge into daily life,scientific development,form the development Landscape of writing knowledgeablization and skillful tendency.With classical Chinese writing stepping down from the historic stage,modern vernacular Chinese writing teaching went further and further away from the past experience of classical Chinese writing under the drive of instrumentalism. Moreover,as the transformation went on and the emphasis of writing teaching switched from elementary schools to secondary schools,the position of the writing courses became less and less important.Consequently there gradually formed today＇ s reading-based Chinese teaching mode and modern Chinese writing teaching faces serious crisis.