唐玉华宫建筑考

Architecture of Tang Dynasty Yuhua Palace

唐玉华宫建于贞观二十一年(647年),其前身是建于武德七年(624年)的仁智宫,唐高宗永徽二年(651年)废宫为玉华寺。显庆四年(659年)至麟德元年(664年),玄奘在玉华寺翻译佛经。玉华宫不仅是一处重要的初唐离宫,而且在中国佛教史上也具有重要意义。其遗址位于今陕西省铜川市印台区金锁关镇玉华村。玉华宫的主体建筑数量,有宋人张"九殿五门"和今人"十殿五门"两说,而此两说的产生与对紫微殿的认识有关。本文通过对相关文献的考证,认同"九殿五门"之说,玉华宫建筑中无紫微殿和显道门。玉华宫建筑布局应该是由中路、东路和西路三组建筑群组成,中路建筑是专供唐太宗居住和日常活动的场所,东路是太子居所,西路可能是随驾妃嫔的住所,至于百官居处则另有所在。玉华宫晖和殿与耀和殿名称在文献中的演变与宋代避濮王赵宗晖之名讳有关。

The Yuhua Palace, located in present-day Yuhua village, Tongchuan, Shaanxi province, was built in 647 AD. Its predecessor was the Renzhi Palace built in 624 AD. In 651 AD, Yuhua Palace was transformed into Yuhua Temple by Emperor Gaozong. Between 659 and 664 AD, monk Xuanzang stayed here to translate Buddhist sutras. Therefore, Yuhua Palace is not only an important early Tang palace, but also of great significance in the history of Chinese Buddhism. Regarding the number of main buildings at Yuhua Palace, some believe that there were ＂nine halls with five gates＂ （Zhang Min, Song dynasty）, while others contend that there should be ＂ten halls with five gates＂ （modern scholars）, due to different opinions about the Ziwei Hall. Based on researches on related historical documents, the current author agrees with the former： there was no Ziwei Hall or Xiandao Gate in the Yuhua Palace; Yuhua Palace consisted of the middle section （residence of Emperor Taizong）, the eastern section （residence of the crown prince） and the western part （probably residence of spouses）; the residence of officials was at another location; the change of name from Huihe Hall to Yaohe Hall in historical records was associated with the name taboo of Zhao Zonghui, King of Pu in the Song dynasty.