草地农业与兵团绿洲可持续发展

Pastoral Agriculture and Sustainable Development of Corps＂ Oasis

本文总结了新疆生产建设兵团农牧业生产取得的成就与面临的挑战，并提出了建议。目前面临的挑战主要是种植结勾不合理、牧草种植面积小、水资源利用效率低、畜牧业产值在农业总产值中比重较低和耕地和草原退化等挑战。笔者认为发展喜地农业是实现兵团农牧业可持续发展的有效途径，包括建立粮一草、果一草农业系统；栽培草地与天然草原耦合，山地一荒奠一绿洲系统耦合，大力发展草食家畜养殖业；加强优良野生牧草资源的驯化选育、农副产品饲料资源的开发利用及高端农牧‘品生产和深加工等。

The progress of Corps in crop and livestock production was summarized. Challenges in agricultural and natural resources management which Corps facing were presented. Those included less sown pastures both in the cropping and pastoral systems, degradation of arable land and rangeland, overuse of water resources, less development of livestock production. It is believed that sustainable development in Corps agriculture could be achieved by developing pastoral agriculture systems. The key points are establishing cereal-forage and or chard-forage systems, accelerating ruminant animal production by way of developing more sown pasture and utilizing rangeland properly, integration of mountain-desert-oasis production systems, domesticating and selecting forage species, using more agriculture by products as livestock feed, and processing high quality crop and livestock products.