山西方言夫妻称呼语的历时分析与功能考察

A Diachronic Analysis and Functional Study of the Couple Appellations in Shanxi Dialects

语言不是纯共时系统,而是处在历时演变中的泛时系统。称呼语是语言中比较特殊的一类词。文章以山西方言夫妻称呼语为对象,对其进行历时分析,考察其地理分布、使用来源及功能配置的演变,以期对山西方言夫妻称呼语梳理清楚,进一步了解共时结构中的历时因素。由此发现大多山西方言夫妻称呼语最初并不是专指配偶,都是在长期的演变与竞争中保留下来的,这也从侧面反映出夫妻双方的社会地位及相互关系。夫妻称呼语从方言词汇的角度印证了山西方言分区的合理性。

Language is not a pure synchronic system, but a panchronic system in the diachronic evolution. The address form is a special kind of words in the language. Taking the couple appellations in Shanxi dialects as the oubjects, this paper does a diachronic analysis of them and studies their geograph- ical distribution, the evolution of their source and functional configuration in order to disentangle the couple appellations in Shanxi dialects and to further understand the diachronic factors of the synchronic structure, by which it finds that most couple appellations in Shanxi dialects initially did not specifically refer to the spouse and were preserved in the long-term evolution and competi- tion, which also indirectly reflects the couple＇s social status and interrelation. Couple appella- tions confirm the rationality of the distribution of Shanxi dialects from the dialect perspective.