宗族研究中的分枝与立户问题——基于山西曲沃靳氏宗族的个案研究

The Study of the Jin Clan: A Clan Case in Quwo County,Shanxi

山西曲沃靳氏宗族由宋代发展至今,在其发展过程中,经历了两次宗族分支,分别为元代分枝和明代立户。靳氏宗族的分枝与立户是宗族发展不同阶段系谱原则和功能性原则起主导作用的结果。立户之后,各户在宗族内部活动,并没有发展成为新的"户族"。"户族"只是宗族发展过程中的一个侧面,是有局限性的。对于靳氏这样一个历史久远的宗族而言,并未因立户入籍政策的施行而发生分裂,所谓的"户族"只是系谱宗族肌体上附加的一个功能而已,并非一个新生的事物。

In the course of the Jin Clan's development there were two main divisions: splitting into branches in the Yuan dynasty and registering households in the Ming dynasty. Both are the results of the leading role of the pedigree and functional principle in different stages of its development. After registering as households,households continued to be active within the clan and did not become new 'household clans'. The policy of registering households did not result in any real clan divisions,and the so-called 'household clan'was only a superficial feature added on to the clan.