贵州省贵阳市2011—2013年消除疟疾工作措施与效果评价

Evaluation of measures and effects in malaria elimination in Guiyang,Guizhou during 2011-2013

目的了解贵阳市疟疾流行概况与防治历程,总结评估贵阳市消除疟疾工作,为其他地区实施消除疟疾行动计划及开展评估工作提供参考依据。方法对贵阳市1950—2013年疟疾防治疫情数据、报表、文件、工作计划、防治策略与措施等资料进行描述性分析和总结,根据国家卫生计生委《消除疟疾考核评估方案(2013年版)》,从历史疫情概况、保障与能力建设、消除措施3个方面对消除疟疾工作进行评估。结果疟疾曾是严重危害贵阳市人民健康的传染病,1950—1966年,本地病例较多。消除疟疾阶段贵阳市建立多部门联防联控工作机制,人员、物资、经费保障到位,按《贵州省消除疟疾考核评估实施细则(2013年版)》要求开展消除和巩固工作,乡镇卫生院以上医疗机构均设立疟防科室,每年度血检数均达到总人口2‰以上,血片复核率均达到要求,无本地病例发生,2011—2013年报告的11例输入疫情均及时有效控制。媒介监测贵阳市的主要流行蚊种为中华按蚊,但由于数量少、分布散,近年来的输入性病例均未因当地传播媒介而引起二代病例。结论贵阳市经过多年疟疾防治,连续保持8年无本地疟疾病例,达到消除疟疾标准。境外输入性疟疾是今后贵阳市疟疾防控工作的重点。

Objective To understand malaria epidemics and prevention courses in Guiyang, and summarize and evaluatemalaria elimination work so as to provide reference and basis for other regions. Methods The data of malaria control, reports,documents, work plans, strategies and measures in Guiyang from 1950 to 2013 were descriptively analyzed and summarized.According to ＂The Program of Eliminating Malaria（2013 Edition）＂ announced by the National Health and Family PlanningCommission, malaria elimination was assessed from three aspects： historical overview of the epidemic, safeguard measure andcapacity development, and measures to eliminate. Results Malaria was an infectious disease, severely harmed people＇shealth in Guiyang. From 1950 to 1966, incidence of local cases was predominant. During the phase of malaria elimination, thegovernment established multisectoral joint prevention and control mechanism, ensured the personnel, supplies and fundings inplace, and carried out the work for elimination and consolidation according to ＂Guizhou Malaria Eradication Plan（2013）＂.Department of malaria prevention had been set up in medical institutions above township hospital. The number of annual bloodtests had reached more than 2‰ of total population, and blood film review rate had met the requirements. From 2011 to 2013,there was no local case. The 11 input malaria cases reported were controlled in a timely and effective manner and withAnopheles sinensis as the main malaria vector in Guiyang. There were no cases secondary from imported cases due to itssporadic distribution and low quantity of imported Anopheles sinensis. Conclusion Guiyang has achieved the criteria ofmalaria elimination after eight consecutive years of malaria control and elimination. Imported malaria cases from abroad, shouldbecome the focus of malaria prevention and control in Guiyang.