2014年全国192所医院儿童住院患者抗感染药物利用研究

Use of Anti-infective Drugs in Children Hospitalized in 192 Hospitals in 2014

目的：了解全国192所医院儿童住院患者抗感染药物使用情况,分析其使用合理性。方法：对2014年全国192所医院儿童（0-17岁）住院患者抗感染药物使用情况进行统计分析。结果：2014年全国192所医院儿童住院患者总数为400888人,患病率较高的为肺炎、上呼吸道感染、新生儿黄疸和急性支气管炎,共使用了138种抗感染药物,DDDs排名前五的分别为头孢呋辛、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、阿奇霉素、头孢曲松和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦,使用较多的类别为第三代头孢菌素、第二代头孢菌素、复方青霉素类和大环内酯类,抗感染药物平均使用率为50.28%。结论：我国儿童抗感染药物使用率呈下降趋势,使用品种基本符合指南推荐要求,但仍远远高于世界卫生组织推荐的30%,应持续加强监督管理和使用指导。

Objective： To understand the use of anti-infective drugs in children hospitalized in 192 hospitals in China. Methods： A statistical analysis of the use of anti-infective drugs for children aged 0-17 years in the 192 hospitals in China in 2014 was conducted. Result： In 2014, the total number of children hospitalized in the 192 hospitals in China was 400888. Among those diseases, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infection, neonatal jaundice and acute bronchitis were more prevalent. Totally 138 kinds of anti-infective drugs were used, drugs with DDDs ranking the top five were cefuroxime, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, azithromycin, ceftriaxone and cefoperazone/sulbactam, drugs that were more often used were the third generation cephalosporin, the second generation cephalosporin, compound penicillin and macrolides. The average use rate of anti-infective drugs was 50.28%. Conclusion： The use of anti-infective drugs in our country has a downward trend, drug varieties were used in accordance with the guidelines recommended by the guide. However, the use rate was much higher than the percentage recommended by WHO 30%. Our country should continue to strengthen the supervision, management and guidance.