四川省彭州市30岁以上居民高血压患病情况及危险因素分析

Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among residents of 30 years or above years old in Pengzhou city of Sichuan province

目的分析四川省彭州市居民高血压患病情况及其危险因素。方法采取整群抽样方法，综合考虑经济水平和距离等因素，于2004--2007年在四川省彭州市20个乡镇里抽取14个乡镇，对户籍在选定社区／乡镇内30—79岁成年常住居民进行全面调查。共调查30岁以上居民55687名，其中男性21315名，女性34372名。进行面对面问卷调查及体格检查，高血压病例组14151例，对照组41536名。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析高血压的影响因素，计算0R（95％C1）值。利用统计学模型将不同暴露水平的危险因素转化为危险分数。结果彭州市30岁以上居民的高血压患病率为25．41％（14151／55687），男性高血压患病率为28．95％（6170／21315），女性高血压患病率为23．22％（7981／34372）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，男性高血压主要危险因素包括年龄偏大、低文化程度、丧偶、家庭年收入少、无医疗保险、不吃新鲜水果、BMI偏大、腰臀比偏大和体力活动为低强度『〈3代谢当量（METs）1，其中危险性较高的前3位（不包括社会人口学特征）是BMI≥28．0kg／m。、腰臀比≥0．90和不吃新鲜水果，OR（95％c／）值分别为3．74（3．27—4．28）、1．34（1．24～1．44）和1．27（1．14—1．41），对应的危险分数分别为2．993、1．102和1．237；女性高血压主要危险因素包括年龄偏大、每天静坐时间较少、无医疗保险、家庭人数过少、不吃新鲜水果、吸烟、从不喝茶、不吃乳制品、BMI偏大、腰臀比偏大和体力活动为低强度，其中危险性较高的前3位（不包括社会人口学特征）是BMI≥28．0kg／mz、体力活动为低强度和腰臀比≥0．85，0R（95％C1）值分别为3．30（3．02—3．60）、1．35（1．22—1．51）和1．33（1．23—1．44），危险分数分别为2．390、1．263和1．051。结论彭州市30岁以上居民的高血压患病率为25．41％，主要危险因素为年龄、不吃新鲜水果、BMI偏大、腰臀比偏大和体力活动为低强度。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among residents in Pengzhou city of Sichuan province. Methods Among 20 townships in Pengzhou city of Sichuan Province, 14 townships were selected using a clustered sampling based on the economic level and distance. The registered residents in the selected townships aged 30-79 years were recruited for a comprehensive survey from 2004 to 2007. A total of 55 687 residents （21 315 males and 34 372 females） were selected based on a face to face questionnaire interview and physical examination; the patient group included 14 151 residents with hypertension and the control group had 41 536 residents without hypertension were selected, Multivariate logistic regression model was used to investigate the influence factors for hypertension. OR （95%@ values were calculated. Different levels of risk exposure factors were transformed into the risk scores using a statistical model. Results The prevalence rate of hypertension was 25.41% among residents aged 30 years or above in Pengzhou （14 151/55 687）, 28.95% （6 170/21 315） for male residents and 23.22% （7 981/34 372） for female residents. Multivaraite logistic regression analysis showed that main risk factors for hypertension in male residents were age, low educational level, widower, low household income, no medical insurance, no fresh fruits intake, high body mass index （BMI）, high waist to hip ratio, and low physical activity, which was less than 3 metabolic equivalent of task （MET） level, among which the highest three riskswere （not including the social demographic characteristics） BMI~〉28 kg/m：, waist to hip ratio i〉0.90, and not consuming fresh fruits. OR （95% C/） values for these three key factors were 3.74 （3.27-4.28）, 1.34 （1.24-1.44）, and 1.27 （1.14-1.41）, respectively. The corresponding risk scores for these factors were 2.993, 1.102, and 1.237, respectively. Main risk factors for hypertension in female residents were age, working hours, no medical insurance, fewer number of family members, no fresh fruits intake, smoking, never drinking tea, no dairy products intake, high BMI, highwaist to hip ratio and low physical activity, among which the highest three risks were （not including the social demographic characteristics） BMI I〉28 kg/m2, MET level, and waist to hip ratio 〉10.85. OR （95% C/） values for these three key factors were 3.30 （3.02-3.60）, 1.35 （1.22-1.51）, and 1.33 （1.23-1.44）, respectively. The corresponding risk scores for these factors were 2.390, 1.263, and 1.051, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence rate of hypertension among the residents over 30 years of age in Pengzhou city was 25.41%. The main risk factors were age, not consuming fresh fruits, high BMI, high waist to hip ratio, and low MET level.