多环芳烃相关代谢酶基因多态性与早产易感性的研究进展

Research progress of the gene polymorphisms of metabolic enzyme related to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons risk of preterm birth

早产的危险因素和潜在生物学机制较为复杂，大多数病例的发生受环境和遗传因素的共同影响。因此，在对早产影响因素的研究过程中，个体的遗传易感性是不可忽视的一个重要方面。基因多态性决定了个体对环境毒素的代谢能力，从而直接影响到毒物对机体毒性作用的大小。代谢酶基因多态性的检测，可能对早产发生机制的研究、发生风险的预测及预防措施的制定等方面具有一定的意义。近年来研究表明，多环芳烃暴露是早产发生的重要环境因素。细胞色素P450（cYP450s）和谷胱甘肽s．转移酶（GSTs）是体内多环芳烃及许多其他外源性物质代谢的主要代谢酶系，其中CYPIA1、CYP2E1、GSTM1、GSTF1、GSTF2基因的基因多态性可能与早产风险有关。本文就上述代谢酶基因多态性与早产关系的研究进展进行综述。

The etiology and underlying biological mechanisms for preterm birth are relatively intricate, involving both genetic and environmental factors. Therefore, in the process of research on environmental factors of preterm birth, individual genetic susceptibility is an important aspect which cannot be ignored. Detoxification and metabolism abilities of enzymes to the environmental toxins is determined by their genetic polymorphism, which directly affect the toxic effects of poison. The measurement of gene polymorphisms related to metabolic enzymes may have important significance in the research of biological mechanisms, the risk prediction for preterm birth and the development of the preventive measures. In the recent studies, exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAH） seems to be an important risk factor for preterm birth. Cytochrome P450 （CYP450s）and glutathione S-transferases （GSTs） are the main metabolic enzymes of PAH and many other xenobiotics, and the polymorphisms of CYP 1A 1, CYP2E 1, GSTM 1, GSTrl and GSTT2 may be associated with the risk of preterm birth. In this paper, we summarized that the research progress on the relationship between the gene polymorphisms of metabolic enzyme related to PAH and the risk of preterm birth.