生物质基含氧化合物化学催化法制备长链烷烃的研究进展

Advances on chemocatalytic transformation of biomass-derived oxygenated compounds into long-chain hydrocarbons

利用生物质资源可以制备混合醇、烃类燃料、生物柴油等可再生运输燃料。相较于燃料乙醇、生物柴油等含氧燃料,烃类燃料在使用性能上更具优势,是新一代生物燃料发展重点。本文着重介绍以木质纤维素水解得到的单糖为平台,经过一系列化学催化反应,制备碳数大于8的各类烷烃的新型生物燃料生产路径。总结了近年来研究者们以C_5或C_6小分子化合物为原料,采用不同的反应策略实现碳链增长,得到满足现代运输燃料碳数分布的中间体的研究成果;以及高效脱除燃料中间体中氧元素的各种催化反应技术方案。分析对比了不同技术路线烃类燃料的产率、工艺条件等技术指标,并且评述了不同反应路径的特色及其存在的问题。最后,对木质生物质化学催化法制备运输燃料的工业化给出了发展建议。

The renewable transportation fuels,such as mixed alcohols,hydrocarbon fuels,bio-diesel,can be produced from biomass resource. Hydrocarbon fuels have become the key items in the development of new generation biofuels,for its excellent utilization property compared with the oxygen-containing fuels. This review focuses on the formation of new generation biofuels with more than 8 carbon atoms,derived from simple sugars through a series of catalytic reactions. Oxygenated compounds with five or six carbon atoms are converted to fuel precursors which have appropriate carbon atoms compared with petrol-based transportation fuels, then the oxygenation-atoms are removed efficiently through different reaction strategies and catalytic technologies. The corresponding catalysts,reaction conditions,chemistries for the selective conversion are summarized in this review. And the advantages and problems of different reaction routes have been evaluated. In the last,the suggestions are given on the industrialization of producing transportation fuels from lignocellulose through chemocatalytic processes.