微喷灌模式下冬小麦产量和水分利用特性

Grain Yield and Water Use Characteristics of Winter Wheat under Micro-sprinkler Irrigation

为探讨华北地区微喷灌模式下冬小麦节水高产栽培适宜的灌溉制度,于2012—2013年（平水年）和2013—2014年度（枯水年）,在同一块地观测了微喷灌和畦灌模式不同灌水处理对冬小麦群体变化、叶面积指数和籽粒产量,以及水分利用效率和耗水特性的影响。微喷灌模式灌水次数为2~6次,总灌水量为60~180 mm;畦灌模式灌水次数为1~3次,总灌水量为74~229 mm。2012—2013年度,微喷灌各处理小麦平均产量较畦灌增加5.6%,灌水量低于或等于90 mm时,微喷灌的产量显著高于畦灌;微喷灌模式下,灌水量120 mm时获得最高产量,但灌水量超过150 mm时,微喷灌模式产量显著低于畦灌模式。2013—2014年度,微喷灌模式平均产量较畦灌模式增加0.8%,灌水量150 mm时微喷灌模式的产量最高。千粒重和水分利用效率也表现为微喷灌模式高于畦灌模式,2012—2013年度分别增加5.1%和8.7%,2013—2014年度分别增加7.9%和10.7%。在本试验条件下,为获得冬小麦高产、高水分利用效率,建议微喷灌模式在平水年灌水量90~120 mm、耗水量325~355 mm,在枯水年灌水量105~150 mm、耗水量335~380 mm,单次灌水定额30~45 mm。微喷灌与畦灌相比,在同等产量水平下,平水年节水潜力为20~50 mm,枯水年为70~110 mm。

The objective of this study was to establish the water-saving and high-yield irrigation system using micro-sprinkler in winter wheat in North China Plain. A two-yield experiment was carried out in the same field in 2012–2013（normal precipitation） and 2013–2014（dry year） wheat growing seasons to compare the effects of different irrigation amounts in micro-sprinkler and furrow irrigation modes on wheat population, leaf area index, grain yield, water use efficiency, and water consumption. The total water amount in micro-sprinkler mode ranged from 60 to 180 mm in 2–6 irrigations and the total water amount in furrow irrigation mode ranged from 74 to 229 mm in 1–3 irrigations. In the 2012–2013 growing season, the average wheat yield of micro-sprinkler irrigation was 5.6% higher than that of furrow irrigation, and the highest yield was obtained under micro-sprinkler irrigation of 120 mm. Yield increased significantly in the micro-sprinkler treatment than in the furrow irrigation treatment when water amount ？90 mm, but decreased significantly when the water amount was larger than 150 mm. In the 2013–2014 growing season, the average yield of micro-sprinkler irrigation was 0.8% higher than that of furrow irrigation, and the highest yield was obtained under micro-sprinkler irrigation of 150 mm. Thousand-grain weight and water use efficiency under micro-sprinkler irrigation were also higher than those under furrow irrigation, and the increased rations were 5.1% and 8.7% in 2012–2013 growing season and 7.9% and 10.7% in 2013–2014 growing season, respectively. We recommend that winter wheat production with micro-sprinkler under the similar condition of this experiment should be irrigated with water amount of 90–120 mm and water consumption of 325–355 mm in normal precipitation year and with water amount of 105–150 mm（30–45 mm for each irrigation） and water consumption of 335–380 mm in dry year. Compared with furrow irrigation, micro-sprinkler irrigation has the water-saving potential of 20–50 mm in normal year and 70–110 mm in dry year at the same yield level.