滇西地区滇橄榄自然居群果实经济性状变异研究

Variation of Fruit Economic Traits in Natural Populations of Phyllanthus emblica in Western Yunnan

滇橄榄是世界上重要的保健植物之一,目前对于其经济性状的变异缺乏系统研究,将严重制约其开发利用。本研究调查滇西地区9个滇橄榄自然居群256个单株的7个果实经济性状,揭示滇橄榄经济性状的变异状况及其与地理、环境因子间的相关性。巢式方差分析结果表明:7个果实经济性状在居群间和居群内单株间均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),且居群内变异占81.6%;单果重、核重、固形物含量以及可食率在居群间及居群内变异最为丰富,而果径、果高、果形指数变异最小。相关性分析显示:固形物含量是一个相对独立的性状指标,而其他性状间均呈显著或极显著相关;海拔是影响果实性状指标变异的主要生境因子,其与可食率呈极显著负相关;利用欧式距离进行聚类分析,将9个居群分为3类。基于研究结果提出了滇橄榄良种选育及基地建设的策略。

Phyllanthus emblica is one of important health plant in the world. Lack of systematic study on variation of its economic traits will limit exploitation and utilization of this species. Seven fruit economic traits of 256 plants in nine natural populations of P. emblica were investigated in western part of Yunnan Province,China,and variations of the economic traits were estimated as well as relationships between the traits and geographic and environmental factors using multiple methods such as nested variance analysis,correlation analysis and clustering analysis. It was shown from variation coefficients and nested analysis of variance that there existed significant differences in the fruit economic traits among and between populations（ P 〈 0. 01）,and 81. 6% variation existed within populations. Fruit weight,core weight,solid content and percentage of esculent part varied much more abundantly than fruit size and morphological index. Correlation analysis showed that the solid content was a relatively independent trait which was less correlated with other traits,while significant relationships were seen between other traits. Altitude was the main environmental factors influencing variations of the fruit economictraits,which was in negatively significant correlations to the percentage of esculent part. The 9 natural populations could be divided into 3 groups by clustering analysis based on Euclidean distance calculated from economic traits. On basis of the findings,the strategies were also discussed for breeding and development for this species.